3.172 \(\int \frac{x^4}{1-x^3+x^6} \, dx\)
Optimal. Leaf size=411 \[ -\frac{\left (3+i \sqrt{3}\right ) \log \left (2^{2/3} x^2+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1-i \sqrt{3}\right )} x+\left (1-i \sqrt{3}\right )^{2/3}\right )}{18\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt{3}}}-\frac{\left (3-i \sqrt{3}\right ) \log \left (2^{2/3} x^2+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1+i \sqrt{3}\right )} x+\left (1+i \sqrt{3}\right )^{2/3}\right )}{18\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt{3}}}+\frac{\left (3+i \sqrt{3}\right ) \log \left (-\sqrt [3]{2} x+\sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt{3}}\right )}{9\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt{3}}}+\frac{\left (3-i \sqrt{3}\right ) \log \left (-\sqrt [3]{2} x+\sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt{3}}\right )}{9\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt{3}}}+\frac{\left (\sqrt{3}+i\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{1+\frac{2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac{1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt{3}\right )}}}{\sqrt{3}}\right )}{3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt{3}}}-\frac{\left (-\sqrt{3}+i\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{1+\frac{2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac{1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt{3}\right )}}}{\sqrt{3}}\right )}{3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt{3}}} \]
[Out]
((I + Sqrt[3])*ArcTan[(1 + (2*x)/((1 - I*Sqrt[3])/2)^(1/3))/Sqrt[3]])/(3*2^(2/3)*(1 - I*Sqrt[3])^(1/3)) - ((I
- Sqrt[3])*ArcTan[(1 + (2*x)/((1 + I*Sqrt[3])/2)^(1/3))/Sqrt[3]])/(3*2^(2/3)*(1 + I*Sqrt[3])^(1/3)) + ((3 + I*
Sqrt[3])*Log[(1 - I*Sqrt[3])^(1/3) - 2^(1/3)*x])/(9*2^(2/3)*(1 - I*Sqrt[3])^(1/3)) + ((3 - I*Sqrt[3])*Log[(1 +
I*Sqrt[3])^(1/3) - 2^(1/3)*x])/(9*2^(2/3)*(1 + I*Sqrt[3])^(1/3)) - ((3 + I*Sqrt[3])*Log[(1 - I*Sqrt[3])^(2/3)
+ (2*(1 - I*Sqrt[3]))^(1/3)*x + 2^(2/3)*x^2])/(18*2^(2/3)*(1 - I*Sqrt[3])^(1/3)) - ((3 - I*Sqrt[3])*Log[(1 +
I*Sqrt[3])^(2/3) + (2*(1 + I*Sqrt[3]))^(1/3)*x + 2^(2/3)*x^2])/(18*2^(2/3)*(1 + I*Sqrt[3])^(1/3))
________________________________________________________________________________________
Rubi [A] time = 0.280592, antiderivative size = 411, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.,
number of steps used = 13, number of rules used = 7, integrand size = 16, \(\frac{\text{number of rules}}{\text{integrand size}}\) = 0.438, Rules used
= {1374, 292, 31, 634, 617, 204, 628} \[ -\frac{\left (3+i \sqrt{3}\right ) \log \left (2^{2/3} x^2+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1-i \sqrt{3}\right )} x+\left (1-i \sqrt{3}\right )^{2/3}\right )}{18\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt{3}}}-\frac{\left (3-i \sqrt{3}\right ) \log \left (2^{2/3} x^2+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1+i \sqrt{3}\right )} x+\left (1+i \sqrt{3}\right )^{2/3}\right )}{18\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt{3}}}+\frac{\left (3+i \sqrt{3}\right ) \log \left (-\sqrt [3]{2} x+\sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt{3}}\right )}{9\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt{3}}}+\frac{\left (3-i \sqrt{3}\right ) \log \left (-\sqrt [3]{2} x+\sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt{3}}\right )}{9\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt{3}}}+\frac{\left (\sqrt{3}+i\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{1+\frac{2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac{1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt{3}\right )}}}{\sqrt{3}}\right )}{3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt{3}}}-\frac{\left (-\sqrt{3}+i\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{1+\frac{2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac{1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt{3}\right )}}}{\sqrt{3}}\right )}{3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt{3}}} \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
[In]
Int[x^4/(1 - x^3 + x^6),x]
[Out]
((I + Sqrt[3])*ArcTan[(1 + (2*x)/((1 - I*Sqrt[3])/2)^(1/3))/Sqrt[3]])/(3*2^(2/3)*(1 - I*Sqrt[3])^(1/3)) - ((I
- Sqrt[3])*ArcTan[(1 + (2*x)/((1 + I*Sqrt[3])/2)^(1/3))/Sqrt[3]])/(3*2^(2/3)*(1 + I*Sqrt[3])^(1/3)) + ((3 + I*
Sqrt[3])*Log[(1 - I*Sqrt[3])^(1/3) - 2^(1/3)*x])/(9*2^(2/3)*(1 - I*Sqrt[3])^(1/3)) + ((3 - I*Sqrt[3])*Log[(1 +
I*Sqrt[3])^(1/3) - 2^(1/3)*x])/(9*2^(2/3)*(1 + I*Sqrt[3])^(1/3)) - ((3 + I*Sqrt[3])*Log[(1 - I*Sqrt[3])^(2/3)
+ (2*(1 - I*Sqrt[3]))^(1/3)*x + 2^(2/3)*x^2])/(18*2^(2/3)*(1 - I*Sqrt[3])^(1/3)) - ((3 - I*Sqrt[3])*Log[(1 +
I*Sqrt[3])^(2/3) + (2*(1 + I*Sqrt[3]))^(1/3)*x + 2^(2/3)*x^2])/(18*2^(2/3)*(1 + I*Sqrt[3])^(1/3))
Rule 1374
Int[((d_.)*(x_))^(m_)/((a_) + (c_.)*(x_)^(n2_.) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_)), x_Symbol] :> With[{q = Rt[b^2 - 4*a*c, 2]}
, Dist[(d^n*(b/q + 1))/2, Int[(d*x)^(m - n)/(b/2 + q/2 + c*x^n), x], x] - Dist[(d^n*(b/q - 1))/2, Int[(d*x)^(m
- n)/(b/2 - q/2 + c*x^n), x], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && EqQ[n2, 2*n] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && IGtQ[n,
0] && GeQ[m, n]
Rule 292
Int[(x_)/((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^3), x_Symbol] :> -Dist[(3*Rt[a, 3]*Rt[b, 3])^(-1), Int[1/(Rt[a, 3] + Rt[b, 3]*x),
x], x] + Dist[1/(3*Rt[a, 3]*Rt[b, 3]), Int[(Rt[a, 3] + Rt[b, 3]*x)/(Rt[a, 3]^2 - Rt[a, 3]*Rt[b, 3]*x + Rt[b, 3
]^2*x^2), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x]
Rule 31
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_))^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[Log[RemoveContent[a + b*x, x]]/b, x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x]
Rule 634
Int[((d_.) + (e_.)*(x_))/((a_) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2), x_Symbol] :> Dist[(2*c*d - b*e)/(2*c), Int[1/(a +
b*x + c*x^2), x], x] + Dist[e/(2*c), Int[(b + 2*c*x)/(a + b*x + c*x^2), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x] &
& NeQ[2*c*d - b*e, 0] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && !NiceSqrtQ[b^2 - 4*a*c]
Rule 617
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> With[{q = 1 - 4*Simplify[(a*c)/b^2]}, Dist[-2/b, Sub
st[Int[1/(q - x^2), x], x, 1 + (2*c*x)/b], x] /; RationalQ[q] && (EqQ[q^2, 1] || !RationalQ[b^2 - 4*a*c])] /;
FreeQ[{a, b, c}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0]
Rule 204
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> -Simp[ArcTan[(Rt[-b, 2]*x)/Rt[-a, 2]]/(Rt[-a, 2]*Rt[-b, 2]), x] /
; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b] && (LtQ[a, 0] || LtQ[b, 0])
Rule 628
Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_))/((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(d*Log[RemoveContent[a + b*x +
c*x^2, x]])/b, x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x] && EqQ[2*c*d - b*e, 0]
Rubi steps
\begin{align*} \int \frac{x^4}{1-x^3+x^6} \, dx &=-\left (\frac{1}{6} \left (-3+i \sqrt{3}\right ) \int \frac{x}{-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{i \sqrt{3}}{2}+x^3} \, dx\right )+\frac{1}{6} \left (3+i \sqrt{3}\right ) \int \frac{x}{-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{i \sqrt{3}}{2}+x^3} \, dx\\ &=-\left (-\frac{\left (-3-i \sqrt{3}\right ) \int \frac{-\sqrt [3]{\frac{1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt{3}\right )}+x}{\left (\frac{1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt{3}\right )\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{\frac{1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt{3}\right )} x+x^2} \, dx}{9\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt{3}}}\right )+\frac{\left (3-i \sqrt{3}\right ) \int \frac{1}{-\sqrt [3]{\frac{1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt{3}\right )}+x} \, dx}{9\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt{3}}}-\frac{\left (3-i \sqrt{3}\right ) \int \frac{-\sqrt [3]{\frac{1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt{3}\right )}+x}{\left (\frac{1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt{3}\right )\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{\frac{1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt{3}\right )} x+x^2} \, dx}{9\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt{3}}}+\frac{\left (3+i \sqrt{3}\right ) \int \frac{1}{-\sqrt [3]{\frac{1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt{3}\right )}+x} \, dx}{9\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt{3}}}\\ &=\frac{\left (3+i \sqrt{3}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt{3}}-\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{9\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt{3}}}+\frac{\left (3-i \sqrt{3}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt{3}}-\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{9\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt{3}}}--\frac{\left (-3-i \sqrt{3}\right ) \int \frac{\sqrt [3]{\frac{1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt{3}\right )}+2 x}{\left (\frac{1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt{3}\right )\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{\frac{1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt{3}\right )} x+x^2} \, dx}{18\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt{3}}}-\frac{1}{12} \left (-3+i \sqrt{3}\right ) \int \frac{1}{\left (\frac{1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt{3}\right )\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{\frac{1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt{3}\right )} x+x^2} \, dx-\frac{\left (3-i \sqrt{3}\right ) \int \frac{\sqrt [3]{\frac{1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt{3}\right )}+2 x}{\left (\frac{1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt{3}\right )\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{\frac{1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt{3}\right )} x+x^2} \, dx}{18\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt{3}}}+\frac{1}{12} \left (3+i \sqrt{3}\right ) \int \frac{1}{\left (\frac{1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt{3}\right )\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{\frac{1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt{3}\right )} x+x^2} \, dx\\ &=\frac{\left (3+i \sqrt{3}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt{3}}-\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{9\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt{3}}}+\frac{\left (3-i \sqrt{3}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt{3}}-\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{9\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt{3}}}-\frac{\left (3+i \sqrt{3}\right ) \log \left (\left (1-i \sqrt{3}\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1-i \sqrt{3}\right )} x+2^{2/3} x^2\right )}{18\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt{3}}}-\frac{\left (3-i \sqrt{3}\right ) \log \left (\left (1+i \sqrt{3}\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1+i \sqrt{3}\right )} x+2^{2/3} x^2\right )}{18\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt{3}}}--\frac{\left (-3-i \sqrt{3}\right ) \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,1+\frac{2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac{1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt{3}\right )}}\right )}{3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt{3}}}-\frac{\left (3-i \sqrt{3}\right ) \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,1+\frac{2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac{1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt{3}\right )}}\right )}{3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt{3}}}\\ &=\frac{\left (i+\sqrt{3}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{1+\frac{2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac{1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt{3}\right )}}}{\sqrt{3}}\right )}{3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt{3}}}-\frac{\left (i-\sqrt{3}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{1+\frac{2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac{1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt{3}\right )}}}{\sqrt{3}}\right )}{3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt{3}}}+\frac{\left (3+i \sqrt{3}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt{3}}-\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{9\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt{3}}}+\frac{\left (3-i \sqrt{3}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt{3}}-\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{9\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt{3}}}-\frac{\left (3+i \sqrt{3}\right ) \log \left (\left (1-i \sqrt{3}\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1-i \sqrt{3}\right )} x+2^{2/3} x^2\right )}{18\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt{3}}}-\frac{\left (3-i \sqrt{3}\right ) \log \left (\left (1+i \sqrt{3}\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1+i \sqrt{3}\right )} x+2^{2/3} x^2\right )}{18\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt{3}}}\\ \end{align*}
Mathematica [C] time = 0.0098653, size = 41, normalized size = 0.1 \[ \frac{1}{3} \text{RootSum}\left [\text{$\#$1}^6-\text{$\#$1}^3+1\& ,\frac{\text{$\#$1}^2 \log (x-\text{$\#$1})}{2 \text{$\#$1}^3-1}\& \right ] \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
[In]
Integrate[x^4/(1 - x^3 + x^6),x]
[Out]
RootSum[1 - #1^3 + #1^6 & , (Log[x - #1]*#1^2)/(-1 + 2*#1^3) & ]/3
________________________________________________________________________________________
Maple [C] time = 0.004, size = 40, normalized size = 0.1 \begin{align*}{\frac{1}{3}\sum _{{\it \_R}={\it RootOf} \left ({{\it \_Z}}^{6}-{{\it \_Z}}^{3}+1 \right ) }{\frac{{{\it \_R}}^{4}\ln \left ( x-{\it \_R} \right ) }{2\,{{\it \_R}}^{5}-{{\it \_R}}^{2}}}} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
int(x^4/(x^6-x^3+1),x)
[Out]
1/3*sum(_R^4/(2*_R^5-_R^2)*ln(x-_R),_R=RootOf(_Z^6-_Z^3+1))
________________________________________________________________________________________
Maxima [F] time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*} \int \frac{x^{4}}{x^{6} - x^{3} + 1}\,{d x} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
integrate(x^4/(x^6-x^3+1),x, algorithm="maxima")
[Out]
integrate(x^4/(x^6 - x^3 + 1), x)
________________________________________________________________________________________
Fricas [B] time = 2.30185, size = 5936, normalized size = 14.44 \begin{align*} \text{result too large to display} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
integrate(x^4/(x^6-x^3+1),x, algorithm="fricas")
[Out]
1/54*18^(2/3)*12^(1/6)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))*log(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^4 + 18^
(2/3)*12^(2/3)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^4 - 12*18^(1/3)*12^(1/3)*sqrt(3)*x*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))*si
n(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2)) + 6*18^(1/3)*12^(1/3)*x*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^2 + 2*(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*cos(2
/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^2 - 3*18^(1/3)*12^(1/3)*x)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^2 + 36*x^2) + 2/27*18^(2/3)*12
^(1/6)*arctan(1/108*(6*18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*sqrt(3)*x*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^2 + 108*sqrt(3)*cos(2/3*arctan
(sqrt(3) + 2))^4 + 108*sqrt(3)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^4 + 864*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))*sin(2/3*arcta
n(sqrt(3) + 2))^3 - 6*(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*sqrt(3)*x - 36*sqrt(3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^2)*sin(2/3*arctan
(sqrt(3) + 2))^2 - 12*(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*x*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2)) + 72*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^3)*s
in(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2)) - sqrt(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^4 + 18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*sin(2/
3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^4 - 12*18^(1/3)*12^(1/3)*sqrt(3)*x*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3)
+ 2)) + 6*18^(1/3)*12^(1/3)*x*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^2 + 2*(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2
))^2 - 3*18^(1/3)*12^(1/3)*x)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^2 + 36*x^2)*(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*sqrt(3)*cos(2/3*arct
an(sqrt(3) + 2))^2 - 18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*sqrt(3)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^2 - 2*18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*cos(2/3*ar
ctan(sqrt(3) + 2))*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))))/(3*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^4 - 10*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3
) + 2))^2*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^2 + 3*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^4))*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2)) - 1
/27*(18^(2/3)*12^(1/6)*sqrt(3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2)) - 18^(2/3)*12^(1/6)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2)))*
arctan(1/108*(6*18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*sqrt(3)*x*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^2 + 108*sqrt(3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3
) + 2))^4 + 108*sqrt(3)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^4 - 864*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(
3) + 2))^3 - 6*(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*sqrt(3)*x - 36*sqrt(3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^2)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3
) + 2))^2 + 12*(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*x*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2)) + 72*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^3)*sin(2/3*
arctan(sqrt(3) + 2)) - sqrt(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^4 + 18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*sin(2/3*arcta
n(sqrt(3) + 2))^4 + 12*18^(1/3)*12^(1/3)*sqrt(3)*x*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2)) +
6*18^(1/3)*12^(1/3)*x*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^2 + 2*(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^2 -
3*18^(1/3)*12^(1/3)*x)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^2 + 36*x^2)*(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*sqrt(3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt
(3) + 2))^2 - 18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*sqrt(3)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^2 + 2*18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sq
rt(3) + 2))*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))))/(3*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^4 - 10*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))
^2*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^2 + 3*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^4)) - 1/27*(18^(2/3)*12^(1/6)*sqrt(3)*cos(2
/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2)) + 18^(2/3)*12^(1/6)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2)))*arctan(-1/432*(6*18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*x
- 216*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^2 + 216*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^2 - 18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*sqrt(18^(2/3)*1
2^(2/3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^4 + 18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^4 - 12*18^(1/3)*12^(1/
3)*x*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^2 + 2*(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^2 + 6*18^(1/3)*12^(1/3
)*x)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^2 + 36*x^2))/(cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2)))) -
1/108*(18^(2/3)*12^(1/6)*sqrt(3)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2)) + 18^(2/3)*12^(1/6)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))
)*log(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^4 + 18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^4 + 12
*18^(1/3)*12^(1/3)*sqrt(3)*x*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2)) + 6*18^(1/3)*12^(1/3)*x
*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^2 + 2*(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^2 - 3*18^(1/3)*12^(1/3)*x)
*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^2 + 36*x^2) + 1/108*(18^(2/3)*12^(1/6)*sqrt(3)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2)) - 18
^(2/3)*12^(1/6)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2)))*log(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^4 + 18^(2/3)*
12^(2/3)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^4 - 12*18^(1/3)*12^(1/3)*x*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^2 + 2*(18^(2/3)*
12^(2/3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^2 + 6*18^(1/3)*12^(1/3)*x)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) + 2))^2 + 36*x^2)
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Sympy [A] time = 0.180416, size = 26, normalized size = 0.06 \begin{align*} \operatorname{RootSum}{\left (19683 t^{6} + 243 t^{3} + 1, \left ( t \mapsto t \log{\left (6561 t^{5} + 54 t^{2} + x \right )} \right )\right )} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
integrate(x**4/(x**6-x**3+1),x)
[Out]
RootSum(19683*_t**6 + 243*_t**3 + 1, Lambda(_t, _t*log(6561*_t**5 + 54*_t**2 + x)))
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Giac [B] time = 1.18076, size = 1112, normalized size = 2.71 \begin{align*} \text{result too large to display} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
integrate(x^4/(x^6-x^3+1),x, algorithm="giac")
[Out]
-1/9*(2*sqrt(3)*cos(4/9*pi)^5 - 20*sqrt(3)*cos(4/9*pi)^3*sin(4/9*pi)^2 + 10*sqrt(3)*cos(4/9*pi)*sin(4/9*pi)^4
- 10*cos(4/9*pi)^4*sin(4/9*pi) + 20*cos(4/9*pi)^2*sin(4/9*pi)^3 - 2*sin(4/9*pi)^5 + sqrt(3)*cos(4/9*pi)^2 - sq
rt(3)*sin(4/9*pi)^2 - 2*cos(4/9*pi)*sin(4/9*pi))*arctan(-((sqrt(3)*i + 1)*cos(4/9*pi) - 2*x)/((sqrt(3)*i + 1)*
sin(4/9*pi))) - 1/9*(2*sqrt(3)*cos(2/9*pi)^5 - 20*sqrt(3)*cos(2/9*pi)^3*sin(2/9*pi)^2 + 10*sqrt(3)*cos(2/9*pi)
*sin(2/9*pi)^4 - 10*cos(2/9*pi)^4*sin(2/9*pi) + 20*cos(2/9*pi)^2*sin(2/9*pi)^3 - 2*sin(2/9*pi)^5 + sqrt(3)*cos
(2/9*pi)^2 - sqrt(3)*sin(2/9*pi)^2 - 2*cos(2/9*pi)*sin(2/9*pi))*arctan(-((sqrt(3)*i + 1)*cos(2/9*pi) - 2*x)/((
sqrt(3)*i + 1)*sin(2/9*pi))) + 1/9*(2*sqrt(3)*cos(1/9*pi)^5 - 20*sqrt(3)*cos(1/9*pi)^3*sin(1/9*pi)^2 + 10*sqrt
(3)*cos(1/9*pi)*sin(1/9*pi)^4 + 10*cos(1/9*pi)^4*sin(1/9*pi) - 20*cos(1/9*pi)^2*sin(1/9*pi)^3 + 2*sin(1/9*pi)^
5 - sqrt(3)*cos(1/9*pi)^2 + sqrt(3)*sin(1/9*pi)^2 - 2*cos(1/9*pi)*sin(1/9*pi))*arctan(((sqrt(3)*i + 1)*cos(1/9
*pi) + 2*x)/((sqrt(3)*i + 1)*sin(1/9*pi))) - 1/18*(10*sqrt(3)*cos(4/9*pi)^4*sin(4/9*pi) - 20*sqrt(3)*cos(4/9*p
i)^2*sin(4/9*pi)^3 + 2*sqrt(3)*sin(4/9*pi)^5 + 2*cos(4/9*pi)^5 - 20*cos(4/9*pi)^3*sin(4/9*pi)^2 + 10*cos(4/9*p
i)*sin(4/9*pi)^4 + 2*sqrt(3)*cos(4/9*pi)*sin(4/9*pi) + cos(4/9*pi)^2 - sin(4/9*pi)^2)*log(-(sqrt(3)*i*cos(4/9*
pi) + cos(4/9*pi))*x + x^2 + 1) - 1/18*(10*sqrt(3)*cos(2/9*pi)^4*sin(2/9*pi) - 20*sqrt(3)*cos(2/9*pi)^2*sin(2/
9*pi)^3 + 2*sqrt(3)*sin(2/9*pi)^5 + 2*cos(2/9*pi)^5 - 20*cos(2/9*pi)^3*sin(2/9*pi)^2 + 10*cos(2/9*pi)*sin(2/9*
pi)^4 + 2*sqrt(3)*cos(2/9*pi)*sin(2/9*pi) + cos(2/9*pi)^2 - sin(2/9*pi)^2)*log(-(sqrt(3)*i*cos(2/9*pi) + cos(2
/9*pi))*x + x^2 + 1) - 1/18*(10*sqrt(3)*cos(1/9*pi)^4*sin(1/9*pi) - 20*sqrt(3)*cos(1/9*pi)^2*sin(1/9*pi)^3 + 2
*sqrt(3)*sin(1/9*pi)^5 - 2*cos(1/9*pi)^5 + 20*cos(1/9*pi)^3*sin(1/9*pi)^2 - 10*cos(1/9*pi)*sin(1/9*pi)^4 - 2*s
qrt(3)*cos(1/9*pi)*sin(1/9*pi) + cos(1/9*pi)^2 - sin(1/9*pi)^2)*log((sqrt(3)*i*cos(1/9*pi) + cos(1/9*pi))*x +
x^2 + 1)